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Title: Biological investigation of acetylcholinesterase inhibition in blood samples of farmers exposed to diazinon pesticide in Lorestan province. Background: Farmers use pesticides to prevent the destruction of their crops. Due to high consumption, people's exposure to these toxins has increased, and as a result, its complications and adverse effects on human health also increase. Organophosphorus poisons are used as insecticides in agricultural fields. The harmful effects of organophosphorus compounds are inhibition acetylcholinesterase enzyme and non-cholinergic effects such as damage to cell membranes, free radical production and disturbance in the antioxidant system.The present study aims to investigate the biological inhibition of cholinesterase enzyme in the blood samples of farmers exposed to diazinon pesticide in Lorestan province. Method: This cross-sectional study examines the level of acetylcholinesterase inhibition in blood samples of farmers exposed to diazinon pesticide in Lorestan province. At first, based on a review of studies, a demographic questionnaire was prepared. In this study, in the first step, Ellman's method was used to check the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme. In the second step, the amount and type of poisons purchased and consumed by farmers were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. At the end, the results were used by SPSS and with parametric tests such as One sample t test, independent t test and analysis of variance to analyze the data.Results : The mean and standard deviation of the age of the investigated farmers was 5 times higher than that of the exposed farmers, and this means the inhibition of this enzyme when exposed to the pesticide. According to the results, 47.6% of acetylcholine hydrolysis in the experimental group is lower than the average of the control group. Also, according to the statistical analysis, there was no significant relationship between the increase of hemoglobin and the inhibition of acetylcholine (Pvalue < 0.825). In the second step, the purity of the diazinon pesticide used by the farmers was determined, which was evaluated during the GC-MS analysis of the pesticide used by the farmers, chlorpyrifos. Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the level of acetylcholinesterase activity between the test group and the control group.In 18% of farmers exposed to pesticides, the activity of acetylcholinesterase enzyme decreased by more than 35%, and this is a warning sign for exposure to cancer and liver and kidney diseases. Paying attention to the fact that farmers do not use personal protective equipment and eat and drink with their hands. Contaminated, the possibility of exposure through digestion and skin is very high. During the GC-MS analysis of the pesticides sampled from the tested area, the pesticide obtained was not diazinon; Rather, chlorpyrifos, which is a more toxic substance, was found to be associated with chronic damage to tissues such as kidney and liver and with carcinogenesis. According to previous studies, the metabolites in pesticides have the possibility of genetic changes.Keywords :AchE , Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos, farmer, Ellman Method, GC-MS
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